Hello and welcome to Sci Show experiments. Today we're discussing what may be the most cliche and well known science experiment all time. As known as it is also the most misunderstood among many science experiments of all time. The important thing to note here. . The electricity is not in the lemon First let's do this thing. Now roll the lemon around a bit, to break up all of the little juice packets inside, to get it nice and juicy. Stick a nail in one side---it has to be a galvanized nail, meaning it's coated in zinc. And on the other side, stick something copper. I'm using copper wire. You'll probably be surprised to discover that when I connect this volt meter to the copper and zinc, it will show some electric current. But if I asked you why there are electrons flowing from one metal to the other, there's a fairly good chance that you would either be stumped, or you would be wrong. So let's fix that! Electric chemical cells, also called batteries, that must be needed three things: they are Two electrodes and other one is electrolyte of the electrodes has to have a stronger desire for electrons than the other, in chemistry we say that it has a higher electron negativity. That electrode, the one that wants the electrons more is called the cathode, and the one that gives up electrons is called the anode. In our lemon battery, here we have copper in the wire and zinc from this galvanized nail. Copper likes having electrons more than zinc, so it's more electron negative and thus, our cathode. But if that's the case, then why can't we just hook the copper to the zinc and watch the electrons zoom across!?And what's the point of the lemon!?I BOUGHT A LEMON AND I WANT TO USE IT!!Well electrons aren't just gonna abandon their nice, stable home and make the metal all positively charged on one side and negative on the other. There are a ton of forces that prevent that from happening. Since zinc is losing all those electrons, it's gonna have to lose protons too, and that's where the third component comes in, the electrolyte. The wire that connects the copper and the zinc allows electrons to flow freely, but protons are HUGE compared to electrons and they can't move through wires. That's not a thing that happens. But they CAN move into an ionic solution, an ionic solution like a dilution of citric acid, and that is our electrolyte. During zinc is proceed to exposed to the acid that active in the lemon juice, the acid oxidizes, or it’s time to change electrons from the side of the zinc, and the resulting positively charged zinc ions move in the solution. The resulting electrons, they collect in the metal after that it rush across the wire and go into the copper, which if you remember wants the electrons much more than zinc does. So Those electrons, now in the copper, pull a couple of protons, or hydrogen ions, out of the acid, after that reduce them, then more and more adding the electrons. The result is hydrogen gas, which, if we were in there, we might be able to see in that time it is very tiny bubbles, and it start to form on the copper electrode. In summary the electricity is coming, not from the lemon, but the result of a chemical reaction happened by the differences thing in electron-negativity of the two thing those are zinc and copper. The electrons would rather be in the copper, and the lemon juice opens the door for them to get there. Want some proof? Well, oftentimes you'll see lemon battery experiments using multiple lemons, connected in series, to give you more power, but actually you no need to do that. If We push in three nails and three copper wires in the same lemon, I get roughly three times as much electric current. As long as there's enough space in the lemon and enough lemon juice, the power is in the zink, not in the lemon. Click this link for video>>>><> Thank you for reading and watching.
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